伽师瓜种质资源及生物学特性研究

Study on the Cultivation Resources and Biological Characteristics of Jiashi Melon

以新疆伽师县地区所种植的甜瓜品种的种质资源为试验材料,采用室外抽查筛选数据,收集不同地方的土品种种子,采用查阅资料、采访等研究方法对伽师瓜的品种资源和生物学特性进行研究。结果表明,伽师地区甜瓜品种资源分为早熟甜瓜类型、中熟甜瓜类型和晚熟甜瓜类型,其中晚熟类甜瓜品种中的卡拉克赛,中熟类甜瓜品种的斯木托和八六3种甜瓜生产最多,广受人们的欢迎并被大量运输到国内各地,推动了当地瓜果的发展并带来可观的经济效益;早熟类甜瓜卡攒齐品种的单瓜重、塞满齐力甘的糖含量高;中熟类甜瓜阿合马普特品种的单瓜重、斯木托的糖含量最高;晚熟类甜瓜黑眉毛品种的单瓜重、孜开热克孜的糖含量最高;32个品种中阿和马普特、开热克孜、阔克土那、阔如克齐、马木提卡孜、卡赞齐等12个品种不同程度面临濒危,麦克这一品种已灭绝;卡拉克赛、八六、斯木托3个品种较受广大人民的欢迎且被大量生产;目前斯木托、卡拉克赛、八六的生产最多,这对保持品种资源的遗传多样性十分不利。因此挖掘和保存本土品种资源,对今后的育种研究以及伽师瓜种质资源的利用具有重要意义。

In this research,the germplasm resources of melon varieties planted in Jiashi County,Xinjiang,were used as experimental materials.The variety resources and biological characteristics of Jiashi melon were studied by outdoor spot check and screening data,and soil variety seeds were used in different places.The main research results were as follows:the resources of melon varieties in Jiashi area were divided into early maturing melon type,medium maturing melon type and late maturing melon type.Among them,the late maturing melon variety Kalaksa,the middle maturing melon variety Smuto and 86 three kinds of melon produced the most,which were popular and transported to all parts of the country,promoted the development of local melon and bring considerable economic benefits;the early maturing melon Kazanzi variety had a melon weight,and the sugar content of the full maturity melongan was high;the middle maturing melonhe Maput variety had the highest sugar content of melon weight and smuto;among the 32 varieties,12 varieties,such as Mapuche,Karekzi,Kuktuna,Kukkiqi,Mamutikazi and Kazanzi,were endangered to varying degrees,and Mike was extinct;three varieties,Karaksey,86 and Smuto,were more popular among the general public and were produced in large quantities;and the current situation:Smuto,Kalaksa and 86 produced the most,which was very detrimental to maintaining the genetic diversity of variety resources.Therefore,it was of great significance to excavate and preserve native variety resources for future breeding research on the utilization of Jiashi melon germplasm resources.