蟠桃胚培苗的移栽技术及影响因子研究

Study on Transplanting Techniques and Influencing Factors of Cuvette Plantlets of Flat Peach

为探索影响胚培苗移栽成活率的因子,对蟠桃胚培苗的移栽苗龄、移栽基质、肥料、叶面喷施的药剂种类等进行研究。结果表明,苗龄10 d的幼苗移栽后成活率最高为86.7%,随着移栽时间的推迟,移栽苗的长势和成活率降低。阳光3号混合泥炭∶珍珠岩=2∶1、椰糠∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=1∶1∶1、草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=1∶1∶1这3种基质配比对胚培苗移栽后的株高、株粗和成活率影响不显著,均可作为胚培苗的移栽基质。移栽后浇灌花多多水溶肥能够显著提高株高、株粗及叶片叶绿素含量,壮苗效果明显。叶面喷施200 mg/L GA_(3)(赤霉素)处理的幼苗株高是对照的2倍,但会降低叶片叶绿素含量;200 mg/L IAA、200 mg/L 6-BA、多效唑、尿素处理对幼苗生长的影响较小,因此叶面喷施GA_(3)是促进幼苗生长的有效药剂。初步探索出一套高效实用的蟠桃挽救苗配套移栽技术。

In order to explore the factors affecting the survival rate of in vitro seedlings,the seedling age,matrix,fertilizer and the kinds of medicines sprayed on the leaves of embryo-rescued test-tube seedlings of flat peach were discussed.The results showed that the highest survival rate was 86.7%after transplantation of seedlings aged 10 days.With the delay of transplanting time,the growth and survival rate of transplanted seedlings decreased.Peat(containing vermiculite):perlite=2:1,coconut chaff:vermiculite:perlite=1:1:1;peat:vermiculite:perlite=1∶1∶1,plant height,plant diameter and survival rate after transplantation of test-tube seedlings had no significant difference,which could be used as the transplantation matrix of test-tube seedlings.After transplanting,watering more water-soluble fertilizer could significantly improve plant height,plant diameter and chlorophyll content of leaves,and the effect of strong seedlings was obvious.After spraying different reagents on the leaves,it was found that the plant height of the seedlings treated with GA_(3)(gibberellin)was twice as high as that of the control,but the chlorophyll content of the leaves decreased;IAA(auxin)inhibited the growth of the seedlings and even caused death;6-BA(6-benzylaminopurine,cytokinin)treatment had no effect on the plant height,but could promote the germination of lateral branches of the seedlings;paclobutrazol treatment inhibited the growth of the seedlings;the content of chlorophyll in leaves was increased,but the effect on the growth of seedlings was slight.Therefore,spraying GA_(3) on the leaves was an effective drug to promote the growth of seedlings.Through the study,a set of efficient and practical transplanting techniques for rescuing flat peach seedlings were preliminarily explored.