主体性取向的乡村老龄社会治理:实践逻辑与路径建构

Governance of the Rural Aging Society with Subjective Orientation:Practical Logic and Path Construction

人口老龄化已从西方困扰演变成全球议题,作为回应,积极老龄政策框架被建构出来。囿于社会转型加快和治理经验不足,学界对乡村人口老龄化议题存有“问题化”阐释倾向,而相应治理效能有限倒逼我们开展主体性取向的乡村老龄社会治理研究。以自助—互助—他助为框架,既要指出(微观)可行能力和发展心态、(中观)互惠伦理与利益关联、(宏观)资源反哺和组织下乡,构成行动基础;也要看到“恩往下流”的家庭卷入与“老而无用”的认知图式、土地确权带来利益脱嵌与村社行政化中的服务缺位、资源错配诱发心态失衡与社会组织“在城化”格局造成的难题。立足积极应对人口老龄化国家战略高度,认为从资源整合、认同重构、服务供给和技术赋能方面切入,有助于乡村老年群体共享美好生活。

Population aging has evolved from a trouble of the West to a serious global problem.In response,an active aging policy framework has been constructed.However,due to the acceleration of social transformation and a lack of governance experience,the academic circles often prefer a“problem-oriented”interpretation of rural population-aging issues,and the corresponding governance efficiency is limited,which forces us to develop research on the governance of the rural aging society with subjective orientations.Based on the framework of self-help,mutual-help and other-help,this paper reveals that micro-level ability and development mentality,meso-level reciprocal ethics and interest association,macro-level resource feedback and organized activities in the countryside on the action basis.Besides,it should also be noted that the family involvement in the pattern of“taking care of children first”,the cognitive schema of“the useless elderly”,the unfair share of interests brought by the confirmation of land ownership,poor services in village administration,psychological imbalance caused by resource mismatch and the“urbanized”pattern of social organizations deserve attention.Based on the national strategy of actively responding to the aging population,it will help the rural elderly share a better life from the aspects of resource integration,identity reconstruction,service supply chains and technology empowerment.