美国退役军人的高等教育志愿供给:背景、结构与内容

Higher Education Voluntary Supply for American Veterans:Background,Structure and Content

志愿供给是不同于政府供给和市场供给的第三种公共品供给方式。在美国,社会的慷慨捐赠、政府的政策激励、小政府大社会的政治体制等为面向退役军人的高等教育采取志愿供给的方式提供了可能。美国高等教育借助由社会组织负责“供应”、校企合作共同“生产”以及政府部门进行监督等构成的志愿供给结构,为退役军人提供了完善的高等教育服务体系。志愿供给在帮助美国退役军人成功融入校园生活、实现就业的同时也存在资金来源不稳定等固有缺陷。为此,建议我国面向退役军人的高等教育采用政府供给、市场供给和志愿供给和谐共存的复合性制度安排。

Voluntary supply is the third way of public goods supply different from government supply and market supply.The generous donation of the society,the policy encouragement of the government and the political system of small government and big society provide the possibility for the American veterans to adopt the voluntary supply mode in higher education.American higher education uses the voluntary supply structure,which is composed of social organizations in charge of“supply”,school enterprise cooperation in“production”and government departments’supervision,to provide the veterans with a comprehensive campus adaptation system.Despite the fact that voluntary supply helps American veterans successfully integrate into campus life and achieve employment,it has some inherent defects such as unstable sources of funds.For this reason,we should adopt three kinds of harmonious and coexisting system arrangements:government supply,market supply and voluntary supply.