精神障碍乘客乘机自由权与航空安全平衡机制研究

Research on the Balance Between the Freedom of Taking a Flight for Passengers with Mental Disorders and Aviation Safety in China

精神障碍乘客在民航运输过程中肇事肇祸威胁航空安全的事件近年来屡有发生,其失控行为存在威胁航空器及机载人员安全的风险。人身自由是公民的基本权利,精神障碍患者有权搭乘公共交通工具出行,其享有乘机自由权。航空承运人在运输合同订立阶段负有全面告知义务、在合同履行阶段负有保障乘客安全的责任。为保障公共安全,对精神障碍患者搭乘公共交通工具可采取必要的限制,并由航空承运人最终决定是否承运。通过构建国家和民航系统两级精神障碍乘客信息共享机制、完善机场公安机关重点乘客信息跟踪机制,可以加强航空企业工作人员识别和处置异常行为的能力,帮助航空承运人识别疾病乘客、决定是否承运、履行注意和帮扶义务。

There have been some accidents and incidents caused by passengers with mental disorders in civil aviation.Their illegal acts may threaten inflight safety.As personal freedom is a kind of civil liberties,passengers with mental disorder are entitled to travel by public transport such as taking a flight.Before making contracts with passengers,air carriers are obligated to inform their passengers of acquainting with safety information and to ensure their safety during the flight.For aviation safety,passengers with mental disorder should be necessarily restricted and the air carrier shall make a final decision whether to carry them.Measures conncerned include establishing information sharing system of patients with mental disorder both in civil aviation industry and national health administrative departments,improving the information tracking system for abnormal passengers in terms of airport public security and strengthening abilities of crew numbers to deal with mentally abnormal passengers effectively,which could help air carriers to identify the passengers concerned,to decide whether to carry them,and to fulfill air carriers'duty of attention and assistance.