胎儿先天性心血管病诊疗现状与前景

Current Situation and Prospect of Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Congenital Cardiovascular Disease

先天性心血管病(CCD)是指心脏及大血管在胎儿期发育异常引起的,出生时病变即已存在的疾病,是最常见的影响胎儿和新生儿生长发育的心脏畸形,在中国其发病率为0.7%~0.8%;根据血流动力学变化可分为左向右分流、右向左分流和无分流3种类型,形成异常血流通道,导致正常的血液循环缺失,而出现缺氧、反复感染、肺动脉高压和心力衰竭等临床症状,严重者可致死亡。随着胎儿CCD诊疗技术的不断发展与进步,专科医生在妊娠期间对胎儿CCD做出诊断成为可能,现综述胎儿CCD诊疗现状与前景。

The congenital cardiovascular disease(CCD)refers to the abnormal development of the heart and large blood vessels in the fetal period,which is the existing disease at birth.It is the most common cardiac malformations affecting fetuses and newborns with an incidence of 0.7%to 0.8%in China.According to the hemodynamic changes,it can be divided into three types:left to right shunt,right to left shunt and no shunt.Abnormal blood flow channels are formed,leading to the loss of normal blood circulation,and clinical symptoms such as hypoxia,repeated infection,pulmonary hypertension and heart failure,even death in severe cases.With the continuous development and progress of diagnosis and treatment technology of fetal CCD,it is possible for specialists to diagnose fetal CCD during pregnancy.This review introduces the current status and prospects of diagnosis and treatment of fetal CCD.