东方朔《七谏》承袭《屈原列传》考论

A Textual Research on the Inheritance of Dongfang Shuo’s Qijian to The Biography of Qu Yuan

《楚辞》中所收东方朔《七谏》创作时间不明,而东方朔又与司马迁同时,则其《七谏》中所叙屈原事迹究竟承袭《屈原列传》还是独自创作,是一个值得研究的问题,具有较高的文献学价值。汤炳正以为东方朔未见《屈原列传》,故《七谏》与《屈原列传》之异多为东方朔之误。今比较二文,可发现《七谏》中关涉屈原之史事、史评、言语以及叙述顺序,与《屈原列传》都大量相同或相关,这种相同非偶然可以解释,可知《七谏》应有承于《屈原列传》,而《七谏》之作大抵在公元前91年至前88年,而胡适、何天行、汤炳正诸学者关于《屈原列传》伪作或窜乱之说皆不可靠。

The composition time of Dongfang Shuo’s Qijian(《七谏》)in Chuci is not clear.Since Shuo and Sima Qian lived in the same time,whether Qijian inherited the story of Qu Yuan from The Biography of Qu Yuan(《屈原列传》),has great documentary values.Tang Bingzheng thought that Dongfang Shuo had not seen The Biography of Qu Yuan,so the differences between Qijian and The Biography of Qu Yuan were mostly mistakes of Dongfang Shuo.But comparing these two articles,we can find that the historical events,historical comments,writing languages and narrative order of Qijian concerning Qu Yuan are similar or related to The Biography of Qu Yuan in a large number,and these similarities and relations are non-accidental,which shows that Qijian probably inherited from The Biography of Qu Yuan.Thus,it can be concluded that Qijian was written between 91 BC to 88 BC,and the theories of Hu Shi,He Tianxing and Tang Bingzheng about the falsification and disorder of The Biography of Qu Yuan are unreliable.