我国精神留置鉴定制度的缺失及其建构

The Absence and Construction of Spiritual Detention Appraisal System in China

党的十九届四中全会提出市域社会治理现代化建设,法治人权保障再次成为关注焦点。现行《刑事诉讼法》中将临时保护性约束措施首次规定在法律体系中,但是,并没有更多针对此措施的描述。因此,在实践中出现了约束时间过长、启动程序不明确、临保期折抵刑期、权利救济不完善等问题。大陆法系国家的精神鉴定留置制度恰好解决了这一系列问题。在归纳日本、德国、中国台湾地区相关规定过后,探析了制度设计的必要性,从立法原则和全套制度角度设计一套我国的精神鉴定留置制度。

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed the modernization of social governance in the city,and the protection of the rule of law and human rights has once again become the focus of attention.The current“Criminal Procedure Law”stipulates temporary protective restraint measures in the legal system for the first time,but there is no more description of this measure.Therefore,in practice,problems such as excessively long restraint time,unclear starting procedures,temporary insurance period offsetting the sentence,and imperfect rights relief have emerged.The mental appraisal retention system in civil law countries has just solved this series of problems.After summarizing the relevant regulations of Japan,Germany,and Taiwan,China has analyzed the necessity of system design and designed a set of my country’s mental appraisal retention system from the perspective of legislative principles and a full set of systems.