构建后脱贫时代贫困治理的长效机制:社会工作的实践

Building a Long-term Mechanism of Poverty Governance in the Post Poverty-alleviation Era:The Practice of Social Work

随着脱贫攻坚进入后脱贫时代,如何解决相对贫困,构建贫困治理的长效机制是研究的热点和难点。文章重点对2015年至2020年的文献进行梳理,以实践取向来分析社会工作专业介入反贫困工作的学术进展、共识与实践模式。在后脱贫时代,相对贫困、贫困区域特征、返贫风险及主要贫困群体等问题依然存在并发生新变化。社会工作能够回应相对贫困治理的复杂性、新转向并具有独特的专业优势。社会工作回应相对贫困问题并且已经探索出一套反贫困的工作流程、实施路径和实践模式。社会工作实践的社区发展模式、金融社会工作模式、社会服务与社会救助模式为未来的反贫困工作提供了重要的参考。将社会工作纳入反贫困长效机制,并就社会工作专业主体地位、反贫困工作精细化分类等提出建议。

After 2020,China said goodbye to absolute poverty and enters a post poverty-alleviation era of relative poverty.How to solve the relative poverty and build a long-term mechanism of poverty control is the hot and difficult point of the researches.Reviewing the literatures from 2015 to 2020,this paper analyzes the academic progress,consensus and practical model of social work in anti-poverty.In the post poverty-alleviation era,the problems such as relative poverty,regional characteristics of poverty,risk of returning to poverty and major poverty groups still exist and change.Social work can respond to the complexity and new turn of relative poverty and has unique professional advantages.Social work responds to the problem of relative poverty from the root and has explored a set of work process,implementation path and practice mode.The community development mode,financial social work mode,social service and social assistance mode of social work practice provide important reference for future anti-poverty work.Therefore,this paper proposes that social work should be included in the long-term mechanism of anti-poverty and suggests that the subject status of social work should be enhanced in the anti-poverty work,detailed classification of the anti-poverty work should be conducted and the researches should be based on the indigenization theory and evidence.