同光体视野下的陈三立之“诗人之诗”

Discussion on Chen Sanli's"Poet's Poem"from the Perspective of Tongguangti School

同光体诗人陈衍提出了“合学人诗人之诗二而一之”,作为诗歌创作的最高追求。但是,按照陈衍对“学人之诗”与“诗人之诗”的诠释,在同光体的代表诗人中,唯有沈曾植兼有“学人”的身份,所为诗或可称作“学人之诗”。所以,“二而一之”只能是一种奢想。至于“诗人之诗”,由于在中国古代文论中,诗人的典范为《诗经》作者,其所谓“风人之旨”,是强调“兴观群怨”和“温柔敦厚”。以此为要求,则同光体诗人首推陈三立。陈三立作为“政治活动家”,在晚清大厦将倾之时,积极倡导除旧布新,并投身戊戌变法,力图挽救危局。而对时政的关注,则贯穿于其毕生的诗歌创作。陈三立对政治理想的抒发,以及诗歌所反映的民生艰危和国运蹇蹙,或可赋予同光体“诗人之诗”以积极的意义。

As a poet of the Tongguangti School,Chen Yan put forward the idea of"integrating the scholar's poem with poet's poem"and made it the highest pursuit of poetry creation.However,according to his interpretation of"scholar's poem"and"poet's poem",only Shen Cengzhi had the qualified scholar's status among the representative poets of the Tongguangti School.Therefore,it was impossible to realize such integration.As for the poet's poem in ancient Chinese literary,the best example was the author of the Book of Songs,whose interests were to emphasize poetry's social functions and individual emotions.According to such requirements,Chen Sanli can be regarded as the top representative poet of Tongguangti School.As a"political activist",he actively advocated reform and creation when the imperial court was about to collapse in the late Qing Dynasty,and devoted himself to the Reform Movement of 1898 in an effort to save the crisis.His concern for political ideals,hardships of people's livelihood and the vicissitudes of national movement run through his life-long poetry creation,which might endow positive significance to the"poet's poem"of Tongguangti School.