新中国70年生态环境保护实践进展:由污染治理向生态补偿的演变

Development of Ecological Environment Protection in PRC in the Past 70 Years:Evolution from Pollution Control to Ecological Compensation

文章目的在于梳理新中国生态环境保护实践进展脉络,并提出生态文明建设完善路径。研究发现:中国生态环境保护实践经历了污染治理、生态补偿制度呼吁与尝试、生态纵向补偿机制构建、多元生态补偿制度创新,生态环境保护动力由外生驱动向内生驱动转变;生态补偿覆盖范围得到拓展、参与主体呈现多元化、机制模式逐渐完善,成为未来生态环境保护的主要方式;中国政府引导的纵向生态补偿机制相对完善,生态补偿市场机制、多元主体参与机制与国际合作机制需要加强。

This paper aims to study the development process of ecological environment protection in People’s Republic of China,and put forward some suggestions on how to improve the ecological protection in the future.The author found that:(1)The ecological environmental protection in China has experienced the following stages:to control pollution,to build ecological compensation system,to establish a vertical ecological compensation mechanism,and to innovate the multiple ecological compensation systems.(2)Ecological environment protection was driven by the outer force,but now by the inner force.(3)The ecological protection will be characterized by the following features:the extended ecological compensation,the diversified participants for ecological protection,the gradually-improved protection mechanism.Because of support from the government,China is strong in vertical ecological compensation mechanism.But there are still some aspects China needs to put more efforts into:market-based mechanisms for ecological compensation,systems for diversified participants,and the mechanism for international cooperation.