9种种衣剂对鲜食玉米草地贪夜蛾、顶(茎)腐病的防效及其安全性评价

Efficacies of Nine Seed Coating Agents for Disease Control and Safety for Fresh Consumption of Maize

【目的】明确不同种衣剂对鲜食玉米主要病虫害的防效及其对玉米的安全性,为福建省玉米生产筛选合适的种衣剂。【方法】选用5种杀虫剂类型种衣剂和4种杀虫剂/杀菌剂组合物类型种衣剂,在田间条件下研究供试种衣剂对玉米出苗率、保苗率、苗期草地贪夜蛾及乳熟期顶(茎)腐病、玉米产量的影响。【结果】除35.00%丁硫克百威种子处理粉剂(好年冬)之外,其他8种种衣剂对玉米种子出苗率、田间保苗率无不良影响。种衣剂50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂(路明卫)5 g·kg^(−1)和IPP125 g·kg^(−1)拌种处理对玉米苗期草地贪夜蛾防治效果显著,防效分别为64.15%和59.40%;50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂/4.23%种菌唑·甲霜灵微乳剂(顶苗新)5 g·kg^(−1)+5 g·kg^(−1)拌种处理对顶(茎)腐病的发生有较好防治效果,病株率防效达56.07%。从玉米产量来看,50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂/35 g·L−1精甲霜灵·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂(满适金)5 g·kg^(−1)+2 g·kg^(−1)、50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂/快苗5 g·kg^(−1)+2 g·kg^(−1)、50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂/4.23%种菌唑·甲霜灵微乳剂5 g·kg^(−1)+5 g·kg^(−1)处理种子能促进玉米增产,其籽粒增产率分别为5.92%、2.05%和6.24%,鲜穗增产率分别为3.17%、5.58%和3.55%。【结论】50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂/4.23%种菌唑·甲霜灵微乳剂可作为福建地区鲜食玉米生产合适的种衣剂,不仅对玉米生长安全,病虫防效显著,而且能增加玉米产量。

【Objective】Efficacies of 9 seed coating agents in controlling the major diseases and pest infestation as well as their application safety for fresh consumption of maize were investigated.【Method】Nine commercially available seed coating agents(5 were insecticides,and 4 insecticide/fungicide mixtures)were applied on maize to determine their effects on the seed emergence and survival rates,the control on fall armyworm(Spodoptera frugiperda)infestation at seedling stage and top/stalk rot disease on the plants,and the crop yield in a field experimentation.【Result】Other than Haoniandong(a 35.00%carbosulfan WS),none of the 9 agents showed a negative effect on seed emergence or survival rate.The control efficacies of Lumingwei(a 50.00%chlorantraniliprole FS)at 5 g·kg^(−1) and IPP1 at 25 g·kg^(−1) on fall armyworm infestation on the maize at seedling stage were 64.15%and 59.40%,respectively.Dingmiaoxin(a mixture of 50.00%chlorantraniliprole FS and 4.23%ipconazole·metalaxy ME)at 5+5 g·kg^(−1) reduced the top/stalk rot infection rate to 56.07%.On the yield of the plants grown from the treated seeds,the application of Manshijin(a mixture of 50.00%chlorantraniliprole FS and 35g·L^(−1) metalaxylm·fludioxonil FSC)at 5+2 g·kg^(−1),the mixture of Lumingwei and Kuaimiao at 5+2 g·kg^(−1) and Dingmiaoxin at 5+5 g·kg^(−1) increased the grain yields by 5.92%,2.05%and 6.24%,respectively,and the fresh ear yields by 3.17%,5.58%,and 3.55%,respectively,over control.【Conclusion】Among the tested seed coating agents,Dingmiaoxin at the recommended dosage showed a significant efficacy in controlling the major diseases and pest infestation as well as improved crop yield without growth impairment on the maize.It could be applied on maize for fresh consumption cultivated in Fujian.