中国食糖进口贸易的市场势力研究

Research on the market power of China’s sugar import trade

在中国食糖贸易常年逆差、进口依存度居高不下的背景下,笔者利用1992-2019年的年度数据,运用剩余需求弹性模型对中国食糖主要进口国家市场势力进行测度。检验结果表明:泰国在食糖定价中具有较强话语权,市场势力较强;中国食糖主要进口国家市场势力均较为显著;中国自身对食糖的需求显著影响了从巴西、澳大利亚与韩国进口食糖的价格;且食糖出口大国成本联动变化。针对实证结果,建议将食糖进口分散至多个国家,包括部分中美洲产糖小国以减轻大国垄断风险;革新技术以在国际食糖成本联动上升时规避风险;在对外贸易保障措施作用较小的情况下将政策向生产方倾斜,给予更便利金融及技术支持等。

Under the background of China’s sugar trade deficit and high import dependence,this paper used the annual data from 1992 to 2019 to measure the market power of China’s major sugar importing countries by using the residual demand elasticity model.The test results show that Thailand has a strong discourse power in sugar pricing and strong market power;China’s major sugar importing countries have significant market power;China’s own demand for sugar has a significant impact on the price of sugar imported from Brazil,Australia and South Korea;and the cost of major sugar exporting countries showed a linkage change.In response to the results,it is suggested that sugar imports should be dispersed to multiple countries,including some small sugar producing countries in Central America to reduce the monopoly risk of big countries;Technology innovation should be carried out to avoid risks when the international sugar cost linkage rises;When foreign trade safeguard measures are less effective,the policy should be tilted to the producers and more convenient financial and technical support should be given.