椰子种质资源、栽培与利用研究进展

Research Progress on Coconut Germplasm Resources,Cultivation and Utilization

椰子是热带地区主要木本油料作物,也是食品能源作物;不仅口感清凉,风味独特,并含有大量的营养成分,并且具有解毒、美容、消毒等功效。随着椰子产业发展,对椰子需求越来越大,因此,椰子规模化生产发展迅速,关于椰子各方面研究非常重要,同时也受到人们重视。然而,与其他经济作物相比,椰子种质资源、栽培、产品加工及作用等研究较晚,研究基础较为薄弱,但是,近20 a来,国内外在椰子种质资源、栽培、生理生化、分子生物学、产品加工等及作用研究取得一些重要进展,为椰子生产和发展提供理论基础和技术支撑。本文综合分析了椰子种植资源收集、鉴定评价、创新利用、耕作栽培、栽培生理等研究进展情况,并介绍了椰子产品加工利用的研究进展,就进一步的研究和利用提出具体建议,以期为今后椰子产业发展提供参考。

Coconut is the main woody oil crop in tropical regions,and it is also a food energy crop.It not only has a cool taste,unique flavor,and contains a lot of nutrients,but also has detoxification,beauty,and disinfection effects.With the development of the coconut industry,the demand for coconuts is increasing.Therefore,the large-scale production of coconuts is developing rapidly.Research on various aspects of coconuts is very important and also attracts attention.However,compared with other economic crops,coconut germplasm resources,cultivation,product processing and functions are relatively late,and the research foundation is relatively weak.However,In the past 20 years,important progress has been made in the research of coconut germplasm resources,cultivation,physiology and biochemistry,molecular biology,product processing,etc..This would provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for coconut production and development.This article comprehensively analyzed the research progress of coconut planting resources collection,identification and evaluation,innovative utilization,farming and cultivation,cultivation physiology,etc.,and introduced the research progress of coconut product processing and utilization,and put forward specific suggestions on further research and utilization,with a view to future provide reference for industry development.