冷湖地区气象要素变化及其对天文观测的影响

Climate Change in Lenghu Area and the Impact on Astronomical Observation

基于青藏高原冷湖地区的气象观测资料,开展了气象要素变化及对天文观测的影响研究,从气温—降水、云量—日照时数、大风—沙尘三个方面分析了在冷湖地区进行天文观测的可能性与合理性。结果表明:冷湖地区年平均气温低,最高和最低气温差值存在年代际转折特征,转折后气温差值降低(最低气温增加趋势超过最高气温),降水量较少,夏季降水减少而其他季节降水增加,低温少雨的环境有利于大气层结稳定,提升天文观测数据质量;日照时数在年代际转折以后增加,云量减少,低云量有助于电磁波的传播,提升天文观测精度;风速和大风日数在转折以后均为减弱趋势,这使得浮尘日数也减少,这有助于减少天文观测仪器的磨损,增加天文观测仪器的使用寿命。

Based on the meteorological observation data in Lenghu,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the study on the changes of meteorological elements and the impact on astronomical observations was carried out.The possibility and rationality of astronomical observation in Lenghu were analyzed from three aspects:temperature-precipitation,cloud cover-sunshine duration,and gale-dust.The results showed that:The annual average temperature in Lenghu was low,and daily temperature range had an decadal transition characteristics.After the transition,the temperature difference decreased(the increasing trend of the minimum temperature exceeded that of maximum temperature),the precipitation was less,and summer precipitation decreased while precipitation in other seasons increased.An environment with low temperature and less rain was conducive to the stability of atmosphere,reducing turbulence,and improving the quality of astronomical observation.Sunshine duration increased after the inter-decadal transition,while cloud cover decreased.Less cloud cover made the propagation of electromagnetic waves easier and improved the accuracy of astronomy observation.The wind speed and gale days showed a weakening trend after the decadal transition,and dust days also reduced,which helped to lower the abrasion of astronomical instruments and increased their service life.