不同砧木对甜樱桃红灯生长、产量及果实品质的影响

Effects of different rootstocks on the growth,yield and fruit quality of sweet cherry Hongdeng

【目的】研究4种不同砧木对河北省秦皇岛产区甜樱桃红灯(Cerasus avium L.)生长、产量和果实品质的影响,筛选出生长、结果特性和果实品质优良的适宜砧穗组合,为进一步研究砧木对甜樱桃接穗作用机理提供参考依据。【方法】以本溪山樱(C. sachalinensis)、ZY-1(Prunus cerasus)、吉塞拉6号(P. cerasus×P. canescens)和兰丁2号(P. avium×P. pseudocerasus)4种砧木嫁接的红灯为试材,对植株的生长、产量和果实品质等13项指标进行测定,采用方差分析及模糊综合评价法进行综合评价。【结果】方差分析结果显示,4种砧木嫁接的红灯主干横截面积、新梢数量、新梢长度、单株产量、平均单果重、果肉硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量、总酚含量及糖酸比有显著差异(P<0.05),其中ZY-1砧木嫁接红灯能改善果实品质,其果肉硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、糖酸比和总酚含量最高,分别为3.38 kg/cm^(2)、25.92%、20.98%、13.80和144.03 mg/100 g;新梢数量和单株产量以吉塞拉6号嫁接的红灯最高,分别为537条和18.97 kg;不同砧木间维生素C含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。对13个指标进行模糊综合评判,综合评价值排名次序为ZY-1(0.8017)>吉塞拉6号(0.6467)>本溪山樱(0.6245)>兰丁2号(0.5986)。【结论】红灯/ZY-1组合在河北省秦皇岛地区表现最佳,ZY-1砧木最适宜作红灯甜樱桃的嫁接砧木,具有较好推广价值。

【Objective】To explore the effects of four different rootstocks on the growth,yield and fruit quality of sweet cherry Hongdeng(Cerasus avium L.)in Qinhuangdao,Hebei,so as to select suitable scion-stock combinations for growth,fruiting characteristics and high quality,and to provide reference for further research on the action mechanism of the interaction between scion and rootstock.【Method】Sweet cherry Hongdeng grafted onto four different rootstocks C.sachalinensis,ZY-1(Prunus cerasus),Gisela 6(P.cerasus×P.canescens)and Landing 2(P.avium×P.pseudocerasus)were used as experimental materials.Thirteen indexes of plant growth,yield and fruit quality were detected on the base of variance analysis and fuzzy evaluation.【Result】According to the analysis of variance,there were significant differences in the trunk cross-sectional area,new shoots numbers,new shoots length,yield per plant,average fruit weight,pulp hardness,soluble solids,soluble sugar,titrationable acid,soluble protein,total phenol contents and sugar acid ratio among the Hongdeng grafted onto four different rootstocks(P<0.05).ZY-1 could improve the fruit quality of sweet cherry Hongdeng.The pulp hardness,soluble solid,soluble sugar,sugar acid ratio and total phenol were the highest among the tested materials,which were 3.38 kg/cm^(2),25.92%,20.98%,13.80 and 144.03 mg/100 g respectively.The number of new shoots and the yield per plant were the highest in the Hongdeng grafted onto Gisella 6 which were 537 and 18.97 kg respectively.There was no significant difference in vitamin C content among 4 different rootstocks(P>0.05).The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of 13 indexes showed that the ranking order of comprehensive performance was ZY-1(0.8017)>Gisela 6(0.6467)>C.sachalinensis(0.6245)>Landing 2(0.5986).【Conclusion】The Hongdeng/ZY-1 combination performs the best in Qinhuangdao,Hebei,ZY-1 rootstock is the best grafting rootstock for sweet cherry Hongdeng,and has good promotion value in Qinhuangdao,Hebei.