论《考工记》的造物美学观

On the Aesthetics of Crafting in Kaogongji

《考工记》蕴含了先秦思想者对技术本性的哲学揭示,是春秋时期造物思想的理论总结。它肯定了致用与审美在器物制造中的重要性,认为要达到物尽其用的要求,需要符合人使用的尺度。同时,认为造物要讲究法度,但不能拘泥于法则,应懂得因地制宜、灵活变通。此外,它认为匠人造物的目的是"以辩民器",显示了以民为本的人道主义思想。《考工记》造物美学观中涉及的造物功用、法则和意义,是春秋战国时期造物精神的显现,它揭示了人的本质力量以及人类需求的丰富性,对于当下的工艺创造具有重要的启示意义。

Kaogongji was a philosophical revelation of the nature of technique by pre-Qin thinkers and a theoretical summary of the philosophy of crafting in the Spring and Autumn period.It affirms the importance of both utility and aesthetics in the manufacture of artifacts and argues that to take full advantage of the artifact,it has to be in accordance with the human shape.It argues that artifacts shall be in accordance with the principles of crafting while being flexible,adaptable,and not bound by the rules.It also believes that the purpose of crafting is"crafting for the people",demonstrating a humanitarian spirit.The purpose,principles,and meaning in Kaogongji’s aesthetics of crafting manifest the spirit of crafting in the Spring and Autumn period,revealing the essential power of human beings and the variety of human needs,inspiring contemporary crafting.