生命伦理学原则主义困境与儒家伦理化解之道

The Dilemma of Bioethics Principle and the Solution of Confucian Ethics

生命伦理学原则主义提出了尊重自主性、不伤害、行善和公正四项伦理原则,作为解决伦理问题最基本的约束和依据。然而,原则主义不是从一个体系完备的道德理论出发经过推理得出的自成体系的程序规则,无法从道德理论的本源上给出合理性的解释。原则主义在与具体道德境遇相结合时出现了不融贯性,这给原则主义带来了批评和理论困境。以“同心圆”关系伦理为主要特征的儒家伦理,通过日常生活中“仪式性”的道德教化,以不断内化的道德力量来驱动人们行为符合“礼”的德性规范,给原则主义困境的化解带来了新的尝试。

The bioethics ethical put forward four principles:respect for autonomy,nonmaleficence,beneficence,and justice,which are the basic constraints and basis for solving ethical problems.However,principalism is not a self-contained procedural rule derived from a complete system of moral theory,and cannot give a reasonable explanation from the origin of moral theory.The incoherence of principalism with specific moral circumstances has brought criticism and theoretical dilemma to principalism.Confucian ethics,which is mainly characterized by“concentric circle”relationship ethics,drives people's behavior to conform to the“ritual”virtue norms through the“ritual”moral education in daily life,and brings a new attempt to resolve the principled dilemma.