景观基因理论视角下传统村落街巷景观视觉评价--以湖南省永兴县板梁古村为例

Study on the Visual Evaluation of the Landscape of Traditional Village Streets Based on Landscape Genetic Theory--Taking Banliang village as an example

以景观基因理论为基础,利用层次分析法、MATLAB分析法获取视觉评价数据,构建传统村落街巷景观视觉评价模型。在此基础上,分析板梁村街巷景观现状并提供改造建议。结果表明:①人们对街巷景观的视觉评价受空间开敞程度、美学价值、历史价值、功能价值的影响各有差异;②在街巷景观视觉评价中,影响美学价值的有水体、街巷宽高比、街巷材质、沿街侧立面装饰、街巷铺地纹样、街巷空间形态、街巷空间整体色调7类要素,影响历史价值的有沿街建筑年代性、沿街建筑完整性、传统营造工艺传承3类要素,影响功能价值的有街巷体系的完整、街巷宽度、街巷中公共节点的丰富度、街巷两侧商铺数量4类要素;③板梁村街巷景观整体视觉表达呈良好状态,开敞型街巷景观良好,半开敞型街巷景观优秀,狭窄型街巷景观较差。该研究获取了传统村落街巷景观视觉表达的有关信息,有助于传统村落街巷景观保护与视觉发展研究,对传统村落街巷景观的可持续发展具有参考价值。

Based on the theory of landscape gene,the visual evaluation data are obtained by hierarchical analysis and MATLAB analysis,and the visual evaluation model of traditional village streets and alleys is constructed.On this basis,the current situation of the landscape of Banliang village streets and alleys are analyzed,which provides suggestions for transformation.The results show that:(1)people’s visual evaluation of street landscape is influenced by spatial openness,aesthetic value,historical value and functional value.(2)In the visual evaluation of street landscape,there are 7 kinds of elements affecting aesthetic value,such as water body,street width ratio,street material,side facade decoration along the street,street pattern,street space form,street space overall tone,influence The historical value includes the age of the building along the street,the integrity of the building along the street,the traditional construction process inherits 3 kinds of elements,which affect the functional value of the integrity of the street system,the width of the street,the richness of the public nodes in the streets and alleys,and the number of shops on both sides of the street and the street.(3)The overall visual expression of the landscape of the village of Banliang village is in good condition,the open street landscape is good,the semi open street landscape is excellent,and the narrow street landscape is poor.This study obtains the relevant information of the visual expression of the landscape of the traditional village streets and alleys,which is helpful to expand the research on the protection and visual development of the landscape of the traditional village streets and alleys,and has reference value to the sustainable development of the traditional village streetscapes.