生源流动、教育资源重组与城乡义务教育失衡——基于甘肃N县的案例研究

Flow of Students, the Reorganization of Educational Resources and the Imbalance of Urban and Rural Compulsory Education——Based on the Case Study of N County of Gansu

中西部地区教育城镇化与城乡教育失衡加剧同步出现,教育资源流动是将二者关联起来的关键变量。在城乡一体化的招生政策下,农村生源获得了向县城流动的机会;农村生源先是在"撤点并校"政策的倒逼下被动向县城流动,被动流动型塑了农民追求优质教育资源的教育需求,使生源流动从被动变为主动。生源流动导致县城教育资源的稀缺性,需要硬件和师资资源的匹配,为此,县级政府加大了在县城学校的硬件投资,并从乡村调配师资。生源流动带动的教育资源流动具有向县城集中的单向流动特征,这造成乡村教育资源的流失和县城优质教育资源的集中,城乡教育差距因此进一步拉大。为了实现城乡教育均衡发展,应当加强对乡村学校的生源保护。

In the central and western regions,the urbanization of education and the increasing imbalance of urban and rural education have emerged simultaneously,and the flow of educational resources is a key variable that links the two.Under the urban-rural integration enrollment policy,rural students have the opportunity to flow to the county;rural students first move passively to the county under the coercion of the"integrating educational resources to raise educational scale and quality by reducing poor schools"policy,and passive mobility has shaped farmers′pursuit of high-quality educational resources.The demand for education has changed the flow of students from passive to active.The flow of students causes the scarcity of educational resources in the county,which requires matching of hardware and teaching resources.For this reason,the county government has increased the investment in school hardware in the county and allocated teachers from the countryside.The flow of educational resources driven by the flow of students has the characteristic of one-way flow to the county,which results in the loss of rural education resources and the concentration of high-quality educational resources in the county,and the gap between urban and rural education is further widened.In order to achieve balanced development of urban and rural education,the protection of the source of students in rural schools should be strengthened.