安南坝野骆驼国家级自然保护区鼠类群落结构的研究

A study of rodent community structure in the Annanba wild camel national nature reserve

为全面了解安南坝野骆驼国家级自然保护区鼠类群落结构和多样性,于2018-2019年采用铗日法对该区10种不同生境类型下的25个调查点进行鼠类调查,并对鼠类群落多样性进行分析。结果表明:捕获鼠类124只,分属3科6属9种;其中三趾跳鼠、子午沙鼠和柽柳沙鼠为保护区优势鼠种。聚类和PCA分析可知安南坝保护区鼠类主要分布于2个群落。荒漠耐旱群落广泛分布于保护区各生境,耐旱-喜湿混合群落主要分布在芦苇群系和水柏枝群系生境。在调查的10种生境中,芦苇群系生境丰富度指数和多样性指数均高于其他生境。除环境因素外,鼠类群落的多样性受群落内鼠种数目和物种分配的均匀程度2个因素影响。鼠类垂直分布表现出在1400~1800 m和2600~3000 m海拔分布的鼠种多,呈现出中间低两头高的趋势。由此可见,生境类型和海拔高度影响着安南坝保护区的鼠类群落结构。

In this study,a‘quadrat trap’method was used to investigate rodent communities of 10 different habitat types at 25 survey sites in the Annanba wild camel national nature reserve from 2018 to 2019,in order to understand rodent community structure and diversity.Our project captured 124 rodents,belonging to nine species,six genera,and three families.Among these,the most commonly trapped species were Dipus sagittal,Meriones meridianus and Meriones tamariscinus.A cluster analysis and PCA diagram show that the rodents of Annanba reserve were mainly divided into two communities;there was a desert drought-tolerant rodent community widely distributed in all habitats of the reserve,and a drought-tolerant and hygrophilous mixed rodent community mainly distributed in habitats characterized by Form.Phragmites australis and Form.Myricaria platyphylla.Among the 10 habitat types surveyed,the richness index and diversity index of Form.P.australis habitats were higher than other habitats.In addition to environmental factors,the observed diversity pattern may have shaped by the two factors:the number of species and the evenness of species distribution.The altitudinal distribution of rodent populations was marked by a large number of species distributed at altitudes of 1400-1800 m and 2600-3000 m,i.e.lower numbers at mid-altitude,and higher numbers at both lower and higher altitudes.This study showed that habitat type and altitude affect the rodent community structure in the Annanba nature reserve.