摘要
The commonest cause of chronic heat failure in China is ischemic heart disease,followed by hypertension and valvular heart disease.Echocardiography is essential in establishing a diagnosis as well as helping to identify a cause and to monitor progress.Management includes nonpharmacological as well as pharmacological treatment,and self-care with careful monitoring of salt and fluid intake as well as regular weight measurement.Care planning and team-based care are essential in managing patients with chronic heart failure,who often have concurrent multimorbidity and are receiving polypharmacy.
