福建省部分地区野栖鼠体表寄生恙螨的物种多样性调查

Investigation of chigger mite species diversity parasitizing wild rodents in some areas of Fujian Province

目的调查福建省部分地区野栖鼠体表寄生恙螨的分布情况及物种多样性,为恙虫病防制提供参考依据。方法笼日法捕鼠,检获鼠体恙螨,对其鉴定、计数。用带螨率、带螨指数及优势种反映恙螨的种群构成及密度;采用丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数及Simpson优势度指数分析恙螨的物种多样性。结果在野栖鼠体表共检获恙螨2亚科7属27种10832只。其中,鼠耳表面共检获2亚科6属23种9936只,带螨率为33.27%,带螨指数为17.68,恙螨的多样性指数为1.48,优势种为地理纤恙螨(59.60%);鼻腔内共检获1属4种896只,带螨率为15.11%,带螨指数为4.06,恙螨的多样性指数为1.12,优势种为中华珠恙螨(48.33%)。不同寄生部位、不同宿主、不同生境、不同季节、不同区划鼠体带螨率、带螨指数、恙螨的物种多样性及优势种均不同。恙螨物种多样性指数趋势依次为:耳>鼻腔;白腹巨鼠>针毛鼠>社鼠>黄毛鼠>黑线姬鼠>青毛鼠>板齿鼠(耳);青毛鼠>针毛鼠>黄毛鼠(鼻腔);山地>田地>果园;春季>秋季>夏季;东部丘陵平原亚区>闽广沿海亚区。结论福建省野栖鼠体表寄生恙螨种类丰富,其种群构成、密度及物种多样性受宿主、寄生部位、生境、气候等因素的影响。

The distribution and species diversity of chigger mites affecting wild rodents in some areas of Fujian Province were investigated to provide a reference for the prevention and control of Scrub typhus.Rodents were captured alive using cages and chigger mites parasitizing the rodents were collected,identified,and counted.Chigger mite population composition and density were evaluated using infection rate,mite index,and identification of the dominant species.Species diversity was analyzed by employing richness,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index,and Simpson dominance index.A total of 10832 chigger mites belonging to 27 species,7 genera,and 2 subfamilies were collected from wild rodents.Of these,9936 chigger mites belonging to 23 species,6 genera,and 2 subfamilies were collected from the ear.The chigger mite infection rate was 33.27%,the mite index was 17.68,the diversity index was 1.48,and the dominant species was Leptotrombidium deliense(59.60%).A total of 896 chigger mites belonging to 4 species and 1 genus were collected from the nasal cavity.These chigger mites had an infection rate of 15.11%,mite index of 4.06,and diversity index of 1.12.Doloisia sinensis(48.33%)was the dominant species.The chigger mite infection rate,chigger mite index,dominant species,and species diversity were distinct in different parasitical sites,hosts,habitats,seasons,and faunas.Shannon-Weiner indices of the chigger communities revealed the following relationships:ear>nasal cavity;Niviventer coninga>Niviventer fulvescens>Niviventer Niviventer>Rattus losea>Apodemus agrarius>Berylmys bowersii>Bandicota indica(ear);Berylmys bowersii>Niviventer fulvescens>Rattus losea(nasal cavity);mountains>fields>orchards;spring>autumn>summer;Eastern hilly plain subregion>Min-Guang coastal subregion.This investigation has shown that there are abundant species of chigger mites parasitizing wild rodents in Fujian Province.The population composition,density,and diversity of chigger mites are affected by hosts,parasitic sites,habitats,and climate.