动物鼠疫周期流行的生态位影响因素研究进展

Research progress on factors in affecting periodic plague epizootics in plague niche

鼠疫是由鼠疫耶尔森菌引发的烈性传染病,曾在历史上发生过3次大规模的流行,导致数亿人死亡。作为鼠疫自然疫源地最丰富的国家之一,中国拥有独特的鼠疫研究资源。在鼠疫自然疫源地中,动物间鼠疫呈现流行与静息周期性交替的特征。了解其转换机制对鼠疫防控具有重要意义。现有研究表明,疫源地生态位变化是导致动物间流行周期性转换的可能触发因素。本文从宿主动物、蚤类媒介、土壤、鼠疫耶尔森菌及人类活动5个主要方面,梳理总结了鼠疫自然疫源地生态位变化与动物间鼠疫周期性流行的相关性研究进展,以期为鼠疫防控工作提供借鉴。

Plague caused by Yersinia pestis is an enzootic disease responsible for three devastating pandemics in history and hundreds of millions of human deaths.Stable ecological foci have been established worldwide.As one of the countries with the most abundant plague natural foci,China has unique resources for plague research.In the natural focus,plagues show characteristics of alternate cycles of epizootics and latent enzootics.Understanding the mechanism of transition between the two phases is crucial for the prevention and control of plague.Current studies have proposed that niche changing in plague foci is a potential trigger leading to the periodic alternation between different phases.In this review,we summarize research on the association between periodic epizootics and niche changing in plague natural foci on the basis of five key aspects—hosts,flea vectors,soil,Yersinia pestis,and human activities—to aid in plague prevention and control.