绿色政绩考核与地方环境治理--来自环保一票否决制的经验证据

Green Performance Assessment and Local Environmental Governance:Empirical Evidence from the Environmental Protection One-vote Veto System

通过手工整理各省(区、市)历年政府文件,基于1998—2012年中国工业企业和企业污染排放数据库跨库匹配数据,利用多期双重差分法评估环保考核的环境治理效应。研究发现,环保一票否决制能够显著降低辖区企业的污染排放,并且这一减排效应在一系列稳健性检验中依然成立。进一步探究企业污染减排的内在机制,结果发现企业主要通过技术效应和末端治理实现污染减排。此外,在绿色政绩考核压力和晋升激励下,地方政府会实行更严格的环境规制,加大对清洁绿色行业的扶持力度,这有效推动了辖区企业的绿色转型。异质性分析表明国有企业和大规模企业实现了更多的污染减排;东部地区得益于经济发展、法制建设等优势,环境治理成效更为显著;从官员禀赋特征来看,相对年轻的官员具有更强的政治激励去推动节能减排工作;高学历、具有环境教育及环保工作背景的官员更有效地推动了辖区环境治理。此外,本地提拔的官员凭借地缘优势推动了环保工作的有效落实,因此辖区企业实现了更多的污染减排。

This paper manually sorts out the government documents of various provinces and cities over the years,and uses the multi-period Difference-in-Difference method to evaluate the environmental governance effects of environmental protection assessment based on the matching data of the Chinese industrial enterprises and enterprise pollution emission databases from 1998 to 2012.The study finds that the environmental protection one-vote veto system can significantly reduce the pollution emissions of enterprises,and this emission reduction effect is still valid in a series of robustness tests.Further exploring the internal mechanism of enterprise pollution reduction,this article finds that enterprises mainly achieve pollution reduction through technological effects and end-of-pipe treatment.In addition,under the pressure of green performance assessment and promotion incentives,local officials will implement stricter environmental regulations and increase support for the cleaning industry,which effectively promotes the green transformation of enterprises.The analysis of heterogeneity shows that state-owned enterprises and large-scale enterprises have achieved more pollution reduction;the eastern region has benefited from the advantages of economic development,legal system construction and other conditions,so the effect of environmental governance has been more significant;judging from the characteristics of officials,young officials have stronger political incentives to promote energy conservation and emission reduction;officials with high academic qualifications,environmental education and work background have effectively promoted environmental governance in the jurisdiction.In addition,locally promoted officials have promoted the effective implementation of environmental protection work by virtue of their geographical advantages,so the enterprises in their jurisdiction have achieved more pollution reductions.