老子“不言之教”探析

An Analysis of Laozi’s“Teaching without Words”

“不言之教”是老子无为思想的体现,是统治者在遵循道的原则下实施的治理之术。圣人是“不言之教”的主体,玄德是“不言之教”的深化,自然是“不言之教”的实质。“小国寡民”的社会规划,是圣人进行“不言之教”的场域之一。老子在政治上要达到天下大治的目的,“不言之教”是对政治治理的反思、对执政者权力的约束和对道自然无为的归复,是中国古代宝贵的思想资源。结合《老子》文本进行分析,探究“不言之教”的深意,有利于对老子思想的深入把握。

“Teaching without words”is the embodiment of Laozi’s Wu-wei(无为)thought,and is the governing skill implemented by the rulers in accordance with the principle of Tao.Sages are the main body of“teaching without words”,while the profound virtue is the deepening of“teaching without words”,which is naturally the essence of“teaching without words”.The social planning of“a small country with few people”is one of the fields in which sages teach without words.In politics,Laozi wants to achieve the goal of great rule of the world.“Teaching without words”is a reflection on political governance,a constraint on the power of the rulers and a return to the natural inaction of Tao.It is a valuable ideological resource in ancient China.Combined with the text of Laozi,this paper explores the profound meaning of“teaching without words”,which is conducive to the in-depth grasp of Laozi’s thought.