南极磷虾脂溶性天然产物研究与展望

STUDIES AND PROSPECTS OF ANTARCTIC KRILLFAT-SOLUBLE NATURAL PRODUCTS

南极磷虾虾油具有抗氧化、降血脂、治疗脂肪肝、改善记忆等作用,是一种保健用油,研究完善的乙醇提取技术生产南极磷虾虾油更为可行.南极磷虾脂肪酸丰富多样,含人体所必需脂肪酸:亚油酸和α-亚麻酸,含奇数脂肪酸,单不饱和脂肪酸,在含的多不饱和脂肪酸中EPA、DHA占比最高.南极磷虾中的虾青素具有最高的抗氧化性,R,R′-虾青素,S,S′-虾青素,R,S′-虾青素,虾青素一酯,虾青素二酯,虾青素奇数脂肪酸酯,虾青素偶数脂肪酸酯,虾青素EPA脂肪酸酯,虾青素DHA脂肪酸酯等有关虾青素分子的分离纯化与功能试验研究有利于未来最佳虾青素类分子的生物合成与生产.南极磷虾磷脂在虾油中含量高达35%~40%甚至更高.是目前世界上发现的油脂中含磷脂最高的.南极磷虾磷脂中主要是磷脂酰胆碱(PC),占磷脂的80%.另含有PE、PI、PS、PA等.南极磷虾磷脂与其他所有磷脂的不同是它含有极为丰富的EPA、DHA.应当进一步地分离制备这些不同类型的磷脂并研究其各自的功能.南极磷虾含脂溶性激素种类繁多,但保幼激素等的检测还需更多的努力.南极磷虾已经受到多氯联苯、多溴联苯及多种有机氯农药的污染,受到DIBP、DBP、DEHP等邻苯二甲酸酯类的污染,受到环境激素等的污染.在利用南极磷虾油脂及其活性成分的同时要充分注意研究去除脂溶性有毒物的技术.尽管人们已在南极磷虾脂溶性成分方面的研究取得了可喜的成就,甚至某些技术已生产应用.但其许许多多的脂溶性活性成分的分离纯化、检测、功能验证和开发利用还有相当长的路要走.

Antarctic krill oil has the effects of anti-oxidation,lowering blood lipids,treating fatty liver,and improving memory.It is a health oil.It is more feasible to produce Antarctic krill oil with well-researched ethanol extraction technology.Antarctic krill is rich in fatty acids and contains essential fatty acids:linoleic acid and a-linolenic acid.It contains odd fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids.Among the polyunsaturated fatty acids,EPA and DHA account for the highest proportion.Astaxanthin in Antarctic krill has the highest antioxidant activity.Researches on separation,purification and functional test of astaxanthin molecules,such as R,R′-astaxanthin,S,S′-astaxanthin,R,S′-astaxanthin,astaxanthin monoester,astaxanthin diester,astaxanthin odd-numbered fatty acid ester,astaxanthin even-numbered fatty acid ester,astaxanthin EPA fatty acid ester,astaxanthin DHA fatty acid ester,are beneficial for biosynthesis and production of the best astaxanthin molecules in the future.The content of Antarctic krill phospholipids in shrimp oil is as high as 35%~40%or even higher.It is the highest phospholipid content found in oils in the world.Antarctic krill phospholipids are mainly phosphatidylcholine(PC),which accounts for 80%of the phospholipids.It also contains PE,PI,PS,PA,etc.The difference between Antarctic krill phospholipid and all other phospholipids is that it contains extremely rich EPA and DHA.These different types of phospholipids should be further separated and prepared and their respective functions should be studied.Antarctic krill contains a wide variety of fat-soluble hormones,but more efforts are needed to detect juvenile hormones.Antarctic krill has been polluted by polychlorinated biphenyls,polybrominated biphenyls and various organochlorine pesticides,by DIBP,DBP,DEHP and other phthalates as well as environmental hormones.While using Antarctic krill oil and its active ingredients,it is necessary to pay full attention to research on the removal of fat-soluble toxic substances.Although people have made gratifying achievements in the research on the fat-soluble components of Antarctic krill,some technologies have even been applied in products.However,there is still a long way to go in the separation,purification,testing,functional verification,and development and utilization of many of its fat-soluble active ingredients.