个人行为轨迹信息的法律属性与分类保护研究

Research on the Legal Attribute and Classification Protection of the Individual Behavior Track Information

在互联网与大数据时代,个人行为轨迹信息的价值得以彰显,成为一项重要的商业资源。应比照个人信息,对个人行为轨迹信息应否纳入法律评价和法律保护范围的问题进行探讨。可识别性是个人信息权益的逻辑基点,随着技术更迭和观念演进,识别实现了从身份到行为的扩展。通过考察识别标准,可梳理出个人行为轨迹信息从不可识别到可识别的流变。个人行为轨迹信息具有人格利益和财产利益,具备了成为受法律保护之权益或权利的条件。将个人行为轨迹信息纳入法律评价框架并不意味着要将其笼统落入个人信息的法律保护范围,而应平衡数据保护与数据自由之间的张力,构建本土化的分类保护模式,给予不同强度的保护措施。同时,应筑牢保护例外情形的原则底线。

In the age of the Internet and digital data,the value of personal behavior track information is highlighted and becomes an important commercial resource.To discuss whether the personal behavior track information should be included in the scope of legal evaluation and legal protection or not,the discussion should be carried out in the light of personal information.Identification is the logical basis of personal information interests.With the change of technology and the evolution of ideas,identification has realized the extension from the identity to the behavior.By examining the identification criteria,the evolution of the individual behavior track information from unrecognizability to identifiability can be sorted out.The personal behavior track information has both the personality interest and the property interest,and has the condition to be upgraded to the rights and interests protected by law.Integrating personal behavior track information into the legal evaluation framework does not mean that it should fall into the legal protection scope of personal information in general,but the tension between data protection and data freedom should be balanced;the localized classified protection mode should be constructed;protection measures with different intensities should be given.At the same time,the bottom line of protecting exceptional cases should be firmly established.