“再审改判无罪”赔偿条款的立法局限与解释方案

The Legislative Mistakes of the“Retrial and Judgment of Innocence”Compensation Clause and the Hermeneutic Response

根据大量再审改判案件的类型化梳理,法院经常会在再审或二审改判后超期羁押的四类案件中做出完全相反的赔偿决定,致使其中一部分受害人得不到任何救济。同样是在出现超期羁押的情形下,“再审改判无罪”赔偿条款仅支持改判结果为无罪的人之赔偿请求,却否定了改判结果为轻罪轻刑的人之赔偿请求,因此无法通过基于平等权的立法审查,存在明显的立法局限。在短期无法实现立法或修法的情况下,首先必须矫正或排除违法赔偿原则、过错赔偿原则和法定赔偿原则的不当适用,解除该赔偿条款在司法适用中的桎梏;其次可以通过概念扩大解释和体系补正解释两种方案,为所有再审改判超期羁押案件提供平等救济。

After classifying a large number of retrial and judgment cases,we find the court often makes completely opposite compensation decisions in the four types of retrial or extended detention after the second instance is amended,resulting in some victims not receiving any relief.There are also extended detentions.The“retrial and amended not guilty”compensation clause only supports compensation claims for those who are not guilty as a result of the amended sentence,but denies the compensation claims for those who are sentenced to a misdemeanor or a light punishment.Therefore,the clause cannot pass the legislative review based on the right to equality.There are obvious legislative limitations.In the case that legislation or amendment of the law cannot be realized in the short term,firstly,the improper application of the principle of illegal compensation,the principle of fault compensation and the principle of statutory compensation must be corrected or eliminated,and the shackles of the compensation clause in the judicial application can be lifted;secondly,the interpretation and system can be expanded through the concept.These two solutions can provide equal relief for all cases of overdue custody in the retrial and sentence modification by supplementing and explaining.