马克思关于物质生产与人口生产的关系思想论略

Marx's Thoughts on the Relationship Between Material Production and Population Production

物质生产决定人口生产是历史唯物主义的基本主张,是马克思主义社会发展理论的基石。马克思通过批判马尔萨斯“两个比率论”及两种“抑制论”,揭示了资本主义私有制度下人口增长与生活资料增长不平衡的社会根源。“种的繁衍”既是人类自身的生产,也是社会生产,这就是人口生产的本质。相对过剩的工人人口构成资本主义生产和再生产的基础。马克思关于物质生产与人口生产相互关系的思想在当代仍然具有一定的启示意义。

It is the basic propositions of historical materialism and the cornerstone of Marxist theory of social development that material production determines population production.By criticizing Malthus's“Two Ratio Theory”and two“Inhibition Theory”,Marx revealed the social root of the imbalance between the growth of population and the growth of means of living under capitalist private ownership.The production of human beings itself is both the reproduction of the species and a social production,which is the essence of population production.A relatively surplus working population forms the basis for capitalist production and reproduction.Marx's thoughts on the interrelation between material production and population production still have some enlightening significance in contemporary times.