日本艺能假面的“缩小”现象

The Simplify phenomenon of Japanese Mask in the Performance

在日本假面运用于传统戏剧和民间艺能演出的历史发展过程中,存在着明显的“缩小”现象———最早的伎乐假面多是大型面具;舞乐和行道仪式、追傩仪式中使用的假面,尺寸开始缩减;至平安时代盛行的神乐演出中,假面的尺寸随着实际使用需求而不断变化;到镰仓、室町时代大放异彩的能乐演出中,假面雕刻从立体夸张转为平滑清淡,尺寸也定型为平板式小型假面。本文试图从民俗信仰的影响和审美情趣的转变出发,去探讨这种文化现象的成因。

In the historical development of Japanese mask used in traditional drama and folk art performance,there is a obvious“Simplify phenomenon”,The size of the masks used in dancing,road-walking and exorcising ceremonies began to get small,and the size of masks changed with the demand of actual use in Heian period kagura performances.To Kamakura and Muromachi period in the glorious performance of Noh,mask carving from stereoscopic hyperbole to simple and plainness,the sizes were also become as a small flat style.This paper attempts to discuss the causes of this cultural phenomenon from the influence of folk beliefs and the change of aestheticism.