民事执行回转制度的法系意识考察及立法启示

Review of the System of Recovery Execution with the Consciousness of Legal Families and Its Practical Significance

从法系意识上考察,民事执行回转制度以同一程序和判决对当事人间争讼法律关系进行最终调整为设置目的,执行回转关系建立在实体法规定的不当得利之债基础之上,执行回转案件处理采用“审执分立”的程序构造。然而现行民事执行回转在制度设计上严重违背了这种法系意识,以致在司法实践中不能充分发挥排除另诉的固有功能以及对被执行财产进行事后救济的制度性功效。目前《民事强制执行法》的起草者拟通过增设执行回转之诉、促成“审执一体化”程序构造的法定化,以改《民事诉讼法》设定的执行回转制度。但这样的制度设计因进一步乖离法系意识,将有可能更加深化现有问题的解决难度。于立法论上的结论而言,宜从法系意识上考察民事执行回转制度的法理基础及特质,审慎研判增设民事执行回转之诉的必要性和可行性,明确执行回转的实体法基础,并复原“审执分立”程序构造。

Reviewing with the consciousness of legal families,the system of recovery execution is legislated to ultimately adjust the disputed legal relation between the parties in the execution process,and the civil relation in the recovery execution is based on debt of the unjustified enrichment stipulated in civil law.In other words,the case of recovery execution is solved in a trial-and-execution-separating procedural structure.But in China,the system of recovery execution was imported and localized incompletely.As a result,the function of the recovery execution to exclude a new action and give a remedy for the executed property can’t play its role in judicial practice.Nowadays,the drafter of the Civil Execution Law wants to adopt the action of recovery execution to legislate the integration of trial and execution and complete the reform of the current system of recovery execution.However,such reform will make the present problems more difficult to be resolved,because it deviates further from the consciousness of legal family.Based on the original literature,this paper gives a review to the nature and running condition of the system of recovery execution,and delivers a legislative research on the amendment of the current system of recovery execution in China.