财产不当减损行为的规制体系

Regulation System of Improper Assets Disposition Activities

财产不当减损行为系债务人恶意逃避债务,或者虽不存在恶意,但是在客观上使责任财产不当减损的行为,对债权人的利益构成了极大的损害,也危及了市场经济的交易安全.大陆法系国家主要以民商法中的多元规则体系进行规制,却存在规则零散的缺陷.英美法系国家则利用财产不当减损行为专门法和破产法的二元体系进行规制,但具有繁杂的弊端.为了更高效地遏制财产不当减损行为,维护债权人利益,我国可以通过统一路径或续接路径整合现有零散的规则.统一路径即建立以财产不当减损行为规制法为核心的一元规制体系,理顺债权人撤销权、破产撤销权、民事法律行为无效制度和破产无效行为制度的要件,使该四种制度形成连贯的逻辑体系.续接路径即在现有立法的基础上,通过续接规则使《民法典》与《企业破产法》有机衔接.

Improper assets disposition activities encompass the act of defrauding creditors and the act of improper disposition of liability assets by the debtor,thus threatening the interests of creditors,and endangering the principle of good faith and honesty of market economy.For the purpose of regulating improper assets disposition activities,there exists two mechanisms:binary regulatory mechanism maintained by common law countries,and pluralistic regulatory mechanism maintained by civil law countries.The disadvantage of the binary mechanism is the complexity of rules coordination,whereas the drawback of the pluralistic regulatory mechanism is the fragmentation of rules.In order to curb the improper assets disposition activities and safeguard the interests of the creditors,the integration of the existing scattered rules can be accomplished by two ways:unification path or reconnection path.The former path can be followed by establishing a unitary regulatory mechanism with an Improper Assets Disposition Law at its core.The elements of the creditor’s revocation right,revocation right in bankruptcy,the contract invalidity rule and the bankruptcy invalidity rule should be straightened out,so that a coherent logical regulatory mechanism can be established.The latter pass can be followed to establish rules reconnecting existing rules in the Chinese Civil Code and Enterprise Bankruptcy Law,so that the relevant rules can be integrated.