伊拉克出口原油性质及计价规则变化

The variation of exported Iraqi crude oil properties and its pricing methodology

伊拉克原油储量丰富,其原油的快速上产带来出口原油性质变化。为了稳定原油性质,2021年开始,伊拉克国家石油公司将巴士拉轻质原油中的重质原油分离出来,形成巴士拉中质原油。巴士拉中质原油形成后,很大程度上改善了原油的稳定性,促进了伊拉克原油销售,也提高了伊拉克的原油销售收入。细分后的巴士拉轻质原油加工适用范围变宽,市场竞争能力增强,可以通过直馏工艺生产沥青,也降低了通过渣油加氢等装置生产清洁燃油的难度;在炼厂加工原油重质化过程中,巴士拉轻质原油还可以作为沙特阿拉伯中质原油的替代油种。

Iraq has abundant crude oil reserves,and its rapid production increase has brought about changes of properties in exported crude oil.In order to stabilize the properties,Iraq National Oil Company(INOC)separates the heavier crude oil from Basra light crude oil to form the Basra medium crude since 2021,which has greatly improved the stability of crude oil,promoted the sale of Iraqi crude oil,and increased the revenue of Iraqi crude oil sales.After that,Basra light crude oil can be processed in a wider range and its market competitiveness is enhanced.It can be used to produce bitumen through straight distillation process and also reduces the difficulty of producing clean fuel through residual oil hydrogenation and other devices.Basra light crude can also be used as an alternative to Saudi Arabian medium crude during refineries process heavier crude.