基于空天地内一体化的滑坡监测技术研究

Research Review of Landslide Monitoring Methods Based on Integration of Space-Air-Ground-Interior

滑坡灾害在我国易发频发,常造成严重的财产损失和人员伤亡。因此,进行科学有效的滑坡监测对防灾减灾具有重要的意义。近几十年来.随着监测技术的不断发展.滑坡监测水平得到了显著的提高和完善,已逐渐从过去的低精度、点式、人工监测过渡到高精度、分布式、自动化监测,有力支撑了从国家到地方各级政府应对滑坡灾害的能力。为此,本文从空(太空卫星遥感)、天(低空无人机遥感).地(地表)、内(滑坡体内部)四个方面对当前滑坡监测技术进行了总结和评价,重点对分布式光纤感测技术在滑坡监测中的应用方法及效果进行了叙述。研究结果表明:对滑坡体内部进行多源多场监测可获取滑坡多场信息,进一步分析可建立多场信息的关联模型,为滑坡稳定性评价与治理提供可靠的数据支撑,具有良好的研究潜力和应用前景。最后,对实现滑坡变形的精准可靠监测和预测预警的新思路进行了展望。

Landslides occur frequently in China,often causing serious property losses and casualties.Therefore,scientific and effective landslide monitoring is of great significance for disaster prevention and mitigation.In recent decades,with the continuous development of monitoring technology,the level of landslide monitoring has been observably developed and improved in recent decades.It has gradually transferred from the past low-precision,point-type and manual monitoring to high-precision,distributed,and automated monitoring,which strongly supports the ability of governments at all levels from the national to the local level to cope with landslide disasters.In this paper,the current landslide monitoring methods and techniques are summarized and evaluated from four aspects:space(space satellite remote sensing),air(low altitude unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing),ground(surface),and interior(inside the landslide body).The application method and effect of distributed optical fiber sensing technology in landslide monitoring are described,emphatically.The results show that the multi-source and multi-field monitoring inside the landslide body can obtain the multi-field information of the landslide,and the correlation model of the multi-field information can be established through further analysis,which can provide reliable data support for the evaluation and management of the landslide stability and has good research potential and application prospect.Finally,a new thinking of accurate and reliable monitoring,prediction and early warning of landslide deformation is proposed in this paper.