2016-2020年乐山市土源线虫监测结果分析

Monitoring Results of Soil-transmitted Nematodes in Leshan City From 2016 to 2020

目的了解乐山市土源线虫感染情况及流行规律,为制定科学的防治措施提供依据,也为国家(省级)卫生城市(乡镇)的创建提供评价依据。方法2016-2020年连续5年在乐山市监测点抽样,用改良加藤厚涂片法一粪两检查虫卵,用试管滤纸培养法进行粪样钩蚴培养分类,对3~9周岁儿童用透明胶纸肛拭法进行蛲虫卵检测,对检测结果用SPSS21.0软件进行卡方检验。结果2016-2020年共检测10150人,检出4种土源性线虫,总感染率8.11%,呈逐年波动下降的特点。钩虫、鞭虫、蛔虫、蛲虫感染率分别为:6.45%、0.98%、0.67%和0.01%。92.83%为轻度感染;60岁以上人群感染率最高10.99%(P<0.001);幼托儿童感染率12.63%,高于学生(9.23%)及农民(8.04%)(P=0.004);钩虫感染全部为单一美洲钩虫。结论乐山市人群土源性线虫感染总体呈下降趋势,但仍属于中度流行区水平,感染者数量多但感染程度轻。钩虫感染率仍较高,应作为乐山市肠道寄生虫病防治重点;金口河区应重点关注鞭虫、蛔虫感染。为了从根本上控制土源性线虫感染,乐山市须持续改善卫生环境,加强健康教育及监测工作。

Objective To understand the infection status and epidemic trend of soil-borne nematodes in Leshan City,so as to provide the basis for formulating scientific prevention and control measures,and also provide the evaluation basis for the establishment of national(provincial)health cities(townships).Methods Samples were collected from monitoring points in Leshan City for five consecutive years from 2016 to 2020.The eggs were examined by one feces twice with the modified Kato thick smear method.The fecal hookworms were cultured and classified by the tube filter paper culture method.The Enterobius vermicularis eggs of children aged 3-9 years were detected by adhesive paper anal swab method.Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data by using the SPSS 21.0.Results A total of 10150 people were detected in 5 years,and 4 soil-borne nematodes were detected.The total infection rate was 8.11%,and showed a decreasing trend year by year.The infection rates of hookworm,whipworm,roundworm and pinworm were 6.45%,0.98%,0.67%and 0.01%,respectively.Mild infections accounted for 92.83%of the infected population.The infection rate of people over 60 years was the highest(10.99%,P<0.001).The infection rate of preschool children(12.63%)was higher than that of students(9.23%)and farmers(8.04%)(P=0.004).All hookworm infections are single American hookworms.Conclusion The overall trend of soil-borne nematode infection is downward in Leshan,but it still reaches at the level of moderate epidemic area.The number of infected people is large but the infection degree is light.Hookworm infection rate is still high,and hookworm should be as the focus of intestinal parasitic disease prevention and control in Leshan City.Whipworm,roundworm infection should be as the focus of Jinkou river area.In order to fundamentally control soil-borne nematode infection,the health environment,health education and monitoring should be improved.