公众对食品添加剂的辨识情况及影响因素分析

Analysis on the Public Identification of Food Additives and the Influencing Factors

目的了解公众对于非法添加物与食品添加剂的辨识能力及影响因素,得到影响公众辨别食品添加剂能力的决定因素,从而为食品安全科普提供策略支持。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样,于2018-12/2019-03对全国4200名受访者进行调查问卷。使用EpiData 2.0软件进行问卷录入,采用SPSS 22.0软件进行卡方检验和Logistic回归分析。结果有效问卷中,单因素分析结果显示,不同文化程度(χ^(2)=63.228,P<0.001)、常住地(χ^(2)=25.203,P<0.001)、职业类型(χ^(2)=58.259,P<0.001)、家庭月收入(χ^(2)=27.550,P<0.001)及恩格尔系数(χ^(2)=18.945,P<0.001)在食品添加剂辨识情况上差异有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:文化程度为研究生的消费者可以更好的辨别食品添加剂、不同的职业类型的消费者对于食品添加剂的辨识能力不同、恩格尔系数<30%的消费者有更强的辨别能力。结论公众对于合法食品添加剂的辨识水平存在差异,应针对各重要影响因素,进行不同层次、不同阶段的宣传、指导、教育。

Objective To understand the public’s ability to identify illegal additives and its influencing factors,and to get the determinants that affect the public’s ability to identify food additives,so as to provide strategic support for food safety science popularization.Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 4200 respondents nationwide from December 2018 to March 2019.Epidata2.0 was used for questionnaire entry,and SPSS22.0 was used for single-factor and multi-factor regression analysis.Results In 4051 valid questionnaires,the results of univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the identification of food additives among different educational level(χ^(2)=63.228,P<0.001),permanent residence(χ^(2)=25.203,P<0.001),occupational type(χ^(2)=58.259,P<0.001),family monthly income(χ^(2)=27.550,P<0.001)and Engel coefficient(χ^(2)=18.945,P<0.001).The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that consumers with a graduate degree can better identify food additives,consumers with different occupational types had different identification ability for food additives,and consumers with engel coefficient<30%had better identification ability.Conclusion The public has different levels of identification of legitimate food additives,so publicity,guidance and education should be conducted at different levels and stages according to each important influencing factor.