间作对旱地作物生长发育及生理生态影响的研究进展

The Effects of Intercropping on the Growth,Development,Physiology and Ecology of Dryland Crops:A Review

为了选择长江流域旱地作物适宜的耕作方式,增加作物产量、改善品质以及获得更高的经济效益和促进旱地农业可持续发展。本研究归纳了国内外关于间作对旱地作物产量、品质、农艺性状、光合特性、养分吸收及生态环境影响等方面的研究情况。间作系统各作物的总产量(或收益)高于其任一单作系统;间作能显著改善作物的品质;间作能够使各作物在时空与水肥利用上具有互补性;间作群体在辐射截获和利用总效率上不低于其任一作物的单作群体;间作系统的土壤水分含量及利用率、土壤养分利用效率高于单作系统;间作的两种作物对养分吸收存在竞争与促进关系,可提高肥料利用效率,减少肥料损失率;间作系统能够集约利用光、温、水等自然资源。针对长江流域旱地作物间作存在的问题,提出了4条研究方向。

The aims of this study are to select suitable farming methods for dryland crops in the Yangtze River Basin,improve the yield and quality,obtain higher economic benefits and promote the sustainable development of dryland agriculture.The effects of intercropping on crop yield,quality,agronomic traits,ecological and photosynthetic characteristics,and nutrient uptake were reviewed both at home and abroad.The results show that the total yield(or income)of crops using an intercropping system is higher than that of any monoculture system.Intercropping significantly improves the quality of crops.Intercropping makes each crop complementary in space-time,water and fertilizer utilization.The total efficiency of radiation interception and utilization of intercropped dryland crops is not lower than that of monocultures of specific crops,and the soil water content and nutrient utilization rate of the intercropping system are higher than that of the monoculture system.Intercropping could lead the two crops to compete and improve the nutrient absorption,thus enhancing fertilizer use efficiency and reducing fertilizer loss rate.Intercropping system could use light,temperature and water intensively.Given the problems of dryland crop intercropping in the Yangtze River Basin,four research directions were pointed out.