取代上帝视角——环境伦理视域下的拉图尔盖亚观

Replacing God’s Perspective:Latour’s Gaia View from the Perspective of Environmental Ethics

拉图尔自2000年后广泛参与气候与环境议题,但他并没有采取一般环境伦理学家"反人类中心主义"的讨论框架,而是引入"盖亚"的概念,对传统的自然观发起批判。拉图尔认为"自然"只是一个虚构概念而不是一个现成实体,"回归自然"之类的口号无益于促成积极行动。拉图尔号召用盖亚视角取代自然观,他认为盖亚理论的要害并不是把地球看作什么,而是以何种方式观看。拉图尔批判了从柏拉图以来始终贯穿于西方思想中的整体主义、客观主义的上帝视角。这种超然物外的自上而下的视角是脱离现实的。拉图尔亦不陷入虚无主义,努力建构一种"非整体论的联结性",号召每一个行动者从自身出发,并以循环的方式不断返回自身,从而自下而上地形成普遍的联结。

Since 2000,Latour has been participated extensively in the topics of climate and environment.However,he rejected the discussion framework of"anti-anthropocentrism"adopted by general environmental ethicists,and introduced the concept of"Gaia"instead,raising criticism on traditional view of nature.Latour thinks that"nature"is only a virtual concept instead of an actual entity,and the slogan such as"return to nature"will not be benefit for promoting positive activities.Latour calls for a Gaia perspective to replace the view of nature,and believes that the key of Gaia’s theory is not what the earth is regarded as,but how it is viewed.Latour has criticized the holistic and objective perspective of God that penetrated through western ideology since Plato.This transcendent top-down perspective is isolated from reality.Latour tried not to fall into nihilism while dispelling the God’s perspective.But instead,he strived to construct a"connectivity without holism",and gathered every actant to start from himself,and returned to himself in the form of a loop,forming a connection from bottom to top.