1865年英格兰牛瘟及其应对研究

A Study of the Cattle Plague of 1865 and the Response in England

1865年,英格兰的牛瘟疫情引起广泛关注。兽医社会地位低,不被社会各界信任,提出的正确方案被置之不理;医学界被寄予厚望,但没有提出有效的治愈牛瘟之策。枢密院的种种努力也因"自由放任"观念盛行而难以落实到位。牛瘟的蔓延促使社会各界要求政府采取措施,1866年议会通过《牛病预防法》,采取禁止运输牛、宰杀病牛、补偿牛主人等措施成功遏制了牛瘟。

It was cattle plague that caused widespread concern of England in 1865.The veterinaries,because of their lower social status,would not be trusted by all sectors of the society even if they proposed the correct plan.The medical community,on the other hand,failed to provide an effective cure for cattle plague.The efforts of the Privy Council had not been implemented under the influence of the concept of "laisse-faire".The spread of cattle plague made all sectors of society urge the government to take measures.As a result,Cattle Disease Prevention Act was passed by the parliament in 1866,and it successfully controlled cattle plague by banning the transportation of cattle,slaughtering diseased cattle and compensating cattle owners.