一种基于工程师的科学体制化研究何以可能

How It to Be: A Scientific Institutionalized Research Based on Engineers

科学革命从根本上塑造了一种全新的数理-实验的科学观,将科学定义为一种基于实验和理性传统的,以造福人类为目的的有组织的实践活动。这一新定义形成了现代科学家群体,和独立于理论科学的工程科学和技术科学,由此形成了科学哲学中社会-文化研究、实践转向和工程哲学新的哲学领域,这些新领域无一不诉诸或强化了工程师的理论地位。这一地位意味着,工程师和工程问题完全可以作为一种反思现代科学体制化的独立视角,在这一视角中,现代科学是古代社会工匠传统的继承者,科学体制化的进程是工匠传统取代自然哲学传统的进程。工程师视角的介入,将丰富中国近代科学体制化研究的层次,从而有利于对中国科学体制化进程的深入理解。

The scientific revolution has fundamentally shaped a brand-new mathematical-experimental scientific view and has defined science as an organized practice based on the tradition of experiment and rationality,aiming to benefit mankind.This new definition has formed the modern group of scientists,engineering science and technical science which has been independent of natural science,and thus formed the new fields of scientific philosophy such as socio-cultural research,practical conversion and engineering philosophy,which appeals to or strengthen the realistic status of engineers’ group on the ontology.In fact,the realistic status means that engineers and engineering issues can be used as an independent perspective to reflect on the institutionalization of modern science.In this perspective,modern science is the successor of the craftsman tradition in ancient society,and the scientific institutionalization is the process in which the craftsman tradition replaces the tradition of natural philosophy.The intervention from the perspective of engineers will enrich the level of research on the institutionalization of modern science in China,which is conducive to deepening our understanding of the process of scientific institutionalization in China.