上海市普陀区60岁及以上居民死亡特征分析

The Characteristics of Death Among Residents Aged 60 Years Old and Over of Putuo District in Shanghai

目的了解普陀区户籍60岁及以上居民的死亡特征,为完善养老服务体系、有效应对人口老龄化问题提供参考。方法收集并分析2016-2019年普陀区户籍60岁及以上居民死亡资料。结果 2016-2019年,普陀区户籍60岁及以上居民累计死亡30 725人,占全人群死亡比例为90.70%。粗死亡率为23.39‰,标化死亡率为2.64‰,两者均随时间呈下降趋势。男性在各年龄组的死亡率均高于女性。前5位死因依次为循环系统疾病、肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、内分泌/营养和代谢疾病、损伤和中毒,占总死亡数的比例为91.27%。因呼吸系统疾病、内分泌/营养和代谢疾病以及循环系统疾病在1-2月及12月死亡者占全年同类死因的比例较高,分别为33.84%、 32.52%、 31.27%。在社区卫生服务中心和养老机构死亡的比例有随年龄增加而加大趋势。结论普陀区老年人口因慢性非传染性疾病死亡为主,冬季死亡比例较高,在社区卫生服务中心、养老机构等死亡比例有增加趋势。应加强社区卫生服务中心和养老机构的医疗资源配置和人员培训,增强养老服务人员对疾病与死亡关系的认知,促进服务质量提升。

Objective To understand the characteristics of death in Putuo District registered residence aged 60 and over, and to provide reference for improving the pension service system and the effect of aging. Methods The death data of registered residence aged 60 and over from 2016 to 2019 was collected and analyzed. Results From 2016 to 2019, the total number of deaths of registered residence aged 60 and above in Putuo District was 30 725, accounting for 90.70% of the total population. The crude mortality was 23.39 ‰ and the standardized mortality was 2.64 ‰, both of which showed a downward trend over time. The mortality of male was higher than that of female in all age groups. The top five causes of death were circulatory system diseases, tumor, respiratory system diseases, endocrine/nutritional/metabolic diseases, and injury and poisoning, accounting for 91.27% of the total deaths. Respiratory diseases, endocrine/nutritional/metabolic diseases, and circulatory diseases accounted for 33.84%, 32.52% and 31.27% of the whole year similar causes of death in January, February and December respectively. The proportions of death in community health service centers and pension institutions increased with age. Conclusion The elderly in Putuo mainly died of chronic non communicable diseases, and the death rate in winter was relatively high. The proportion of death rate in community health service centers and pension institutions had an increasing trend. The allocation of medical resources and personnel training in community health service centers and elderly care institutions should been strengthened to enhance the awareness of elderly service personnel on the relationship between disease and death, and promote the improvement of service quality.