上海市某区中小学女生月经初潮现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of Current Status of Menarche and Its Influencing Factors of Primary and Secondary School Girls in a District of Shanghai

目的了解在校中小学女生月经初潮现状及相关因素,为开展青春期健康教育提供依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取虹口区7所学校四~十二年级的中小学女生共901名,对她们进行体格检查和问卷调查。结果调查人群的月经来潮报告率为70.5%,平均月经初潮年龄为12.42岁。含糖饮料、甜食、油炸食物的食用频率越高,月经来潮报告率越高(χ^(2)分别为16.497、23.318、9.880,P<0.01);睡眠充足女生的月经来潮报告率低于睡眠不足的女生(P<0.05);随着运动频率的增加,月经来潮报告率逐渐降低(P<0.01).结论虹口区女生月经来潮报告率与不良饮食行为、睡眠时间、运动频率有关。

Objective To investigate the current status of menarche and its influencing factors of primary and middle school girls,so as to find interventional factors and provide a basis for health education.Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling method,a total of 901 girls at grades 4-12 from 7 schools were investigated with health checkup and questionnaires in Hongkou District.Results The report rate of menarche for girls was 70.5%,and the mean age at menarche was 12.42.The higher frequency of drinking sugary drinks,eating sweets and fried foods,the higher report rate of menarche χ^(2) were 16.497,23.318,9.880 respectively(P<0.01);the report rate of menarche of girls with adequate sleep was lower than that of girls without sufficient sleep(P<0.05);the report rate of menarche gradually decreased with the increasing of exercise frequency(P<0.01).Conclusion The report rate of menarche is related to bad eating behavior,sleep time,and exercise frequency.