基于POI数据的武汉市公共服务设施布局社会公平绩效评价

Social Equity Performance Evaluation of Public Service Facilities Layout in Wuhan Based on POI Data

进入21世纪以来,我国社会经济发展的重心逐步从效率优先向社会公平转变。城市规划是维护社会公平的手段之一,其重要内容之一的公共服务设施布局的合理与否则是社会公平在空间上能否得到落实的重要体现。但是目前关于城市公共服务设施的评价更多的是基于设施空间位置及其联系,而不是基于设施服务人群能力和特征。文章以武汉市中心城区为例,以街坊为基本单元,利用POI数据,分析武汉市的3类基本公共服务设施,包括生活服务设施、小学、医疗设施,空间分布的基尼系数和区位熵,归纳出对公平性影响较大的3类典型区域:位于低人口街坊的极高值类,城市远郊区极低值类、城市中心区极低值类。研究为实现空间资源配置上的社会公平提供了参考。

Since the beginning of the 21 st century,the focus of China’s socio-economic development has gradually shifted from efficiency to social equity.Urban planning is one of the measures to maintain social equity,and the rationality of distribution of public service facilities is an important representation that social equity can be implemented in space.However,the current evaluation of urban public service facilities is based more on the location of facilities and their connections than on the capability and characteristics of serving people.This article,taking the downtown area of Wuhan as an example,used block(Neighborhood in Chinese)as the basic unit,and employed POI data to analyze the Gini coefficient and location entropy of the distribution of three basic public service facilities,including living service facilities,primary schools,and medical facilities.The result defined three categories of typical area that have a greater impact on equity:extremely high value categories located in low-population blocks,extremely low value categories in the outer suburbs of cities,and extremely low value categories in urban central areas.The research lends reference to social equity in the allocation of space resources.