中亚帖木儿王朝王权合法性的建构

The Construction of Legitimacy of Kingship of Timurid Dynasty in Central Asia

突厥-蒙古征服者帖木儿于1370年取得中亚河中地区最高统治权后,通过对外征服建立了一个以撒马儿罕为都城的游牧和农耕民族混居的帝国,其臣民包括蒙古、突厥、波斯、阿拉伯等各族人民。作为帝国的实际统治者,帖木儿因其身份地位不符合蒙古游牧世界最高统治者的继承传统,便利用成吉思汗后裔担任傀儡汗进行统治,同时与察合台家族联姻,成为成吉思汗家族成员。在对外征战中积极利用伊斯兰教尤其是伊斯兰世界突厥君主的传统,于1388年正式称"速檀",以伊斯兰国家统治者的身份赋予其帝国统治的合法性,经过其子孙的努力,最终建构起帖木儿王朝王权的合法性。

After having obtained the supreme rule of Transoxiana in 1370,the Turkic-Mongol conqueror Timur established an empire of nomadic and farming peoples through external conquest,with Samarkand as its capital.Its subjects include Mongolia,Turkic,Persian,Arab,and other ethnic groups.Timur,although the real ruler of the empire,was not in line with the inheritance tradition of the highest ruler of the Mongolian nomadic world,so he used the descendants of Genghis Khan as the puppet Khan to rule the empire.At the same time,he became a member of the Genghis Khan family through marriage with the Chagatai family.He also used Islam,especially the tradition of Turkic monarchs in the Islamic world,in warfare against the enemy.In 1388,he proclaimed officially himself"Sultan".which gave legitimacy to its imperial rule as the ruler of a Muslim country.With the efforts of his descendants,the legitimacy of the kingship of the Timurid Dynasty was finally constructed.