灵异化、丑恶化、卑贱化:欧美恐怖电影审美的三次流变

Supernatural,Ugly,and Abject:Three Changes in the Aesthetics of European and American Horror Films

恐怖电影近些年逐渐摆脱“另类眼光”,进入了主流艺术研究体系。自1896年诞生以来,恐怖电影一直与受众审美心理共同演化,具体体现在:第一,不同时代的恐怖电影营造的“恐怖风格”不断变化;第二,不同时代的恐怖电影戳中受众的“恐怖痛点”有所不同;第三,受众在不同时代的恐怖电影中体会到的“恐怖体验”不停转变。文章以20世纪欧美恐怖电影为研究对象,梳理阶段性影像风格与受众审美诉求间的联系,总结出恐怖审美具象化流变的三个阶段20世纪初至30年代,以“灵异化”为主导的恐怖起源时期;20世纪30至60年代,以“丑恶化”为表征的恐怖经典时期;20世纪60年代后,以“卑贱化”为特征的恐怖演化时期。

In recent years,horror movies have gradually got rid of"alternative vision"and entered the mainstream art research system.Since its birth in 1896,horror movies have been co-evolving with the audience's aesthetic psychology,specifically embodied in:First,the"horror style"created by horror movies in different eras is constantly changing.Secondly,the"horror pain points"of the audience in the horror movie stamps of different eras are different.Third,the"horror experience"experienced by the audience in horror movies of different eras is constantly changing.This article takes the 20th century European and American horror movies as the research object,combs the connection between the staged image style and the audience's aesthetic appeal,and summarizes the three stages of the horror aesthetic figurative rheology:from the early to the 1930s,with"supernatural"as The dominant period of origin of terror;the classic period of terror characterized by"ugly"in the 1930s and 1960s;the period of terror evolution characterized by"abject"after the 1960s.