城市轨道交通司机驾驶作业暴露噪声的分析与评价

Analysis and evaluation of the exposure noise of urban rail transit drivers

目的通过测定A7中型永磁电机的列车在行驶过程中的等效噪声值及噪声频谱特性分析,准确评估地铁运行时对驾驶员产生的噪声特性,提供更为合理的降噪理论依据。方法随机选取广州市6条地铁线路中各5位A7车型驾驶员,对其工作期间的噪声频谱及等效噪声值进行检测,分析该车型驾驶员作业期间全线路的噪声频谱、噪声等效声级。结果在本次调查研究随机抽取的6条地铁线路中,测得的30名列车司机的个体等效噪声值合格率为86.7%,其中超标者均为线路E的驾驶员;6条地铁线路的噪声频谱特性显示轨道交通噪声覆盖了低、中、高3个频段,但以31.5 Hz的低频段和500 Hz的中频段附近的声压级尤为突出。结论从整体上看,轨道交通噪声对驾驶员的影响均在国家规定的标准范围内,但是对地铁线路E的降噪处理措施尤其需要加强,需同时强化个人防护和环境治理两方面;轨道交通噪声主要来自31.5 Hz的结构噪声和来自500 Hz的轮轨噪声,故治理这两个频段附近的噪声源成为降噪工作的重点和难点。

Objective By measuring the equivalent noise value and noise spectrum characteristics of the train of A7 medium-sized permanent magnet motor during driving, the noise characteristics generated by the driver during subway operation are accurately evaluated, and a more reasonable theoretical basis for noise reduction is provided.Methods The drivers of the five A7 models of each of the six subway lines in the city were randomly selected to detect the noise spectrum and equivalent noise during their operation. The noise spectrum noise equivalent sound level of the whole line during the operation of the driver of this model was analyzed.Results Among the 6 subway lines randomly selected in this survey, the individual equivalent noise value of the 30 train drivers measured was 86.7%, of which the over-standards were the drivers of line E;the 6 subway lines of noise spectrum characteristics showed that the rail traffic noise covered the low, medium and high frequency bands, but the sound pressure level near the low frequency band of 31.5 Hz and the middle frequency band of 500 Hz was particularly prominent.Conclusion On the whole, the impact of rail transit noise on the driver is within the standards set by the state. However, the noise reduction measures for subway line E need to be strengthened. It is necessary to strengthen both personal protection and environmental management. Rail traffic noise mainly from the structural noise of 31.5 Hz and the wheel-rail noise from 500 Hz, the noise source near the two frequency bands of the governor becomes the focus and difficulty of the noise reduction work.