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经导管主动脉瓣置入术的临床效果分析

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摘要 目的探讨高龄(年龄>65岁)主动脉病变患者行经导管主动脉瓣置入术(transcatheter aortic valve implantation, TAVI)的可行性及安全性,以及术后并发症及近期临床效果。方法回顾性分析自2018年3月至2020年3月期间于郑州大学第一附属医院行TAVI的主动脉瓣狭窄患者19例。观察终点包括全因死亡、瓣膜反流、出血(血红蛋白水平较术前下降>25%)、急性肾功能损伤(血肌酐水平较术前升高>50%)、心脏传导异常(房室传导阻滞、束支阻滞)等。结果入选19例TAVI患者,男性10例,女性9例,年龄在65~85岁之间,平均年龄(72.9±7.3)岁,平均主动脉瓣跨瓣压差(52.4±8.4)mm Hg, 19例患者均成功完成经导管人工主动脉瓣植入术,其中9例经心尖入路置入,10例经股动脉入路置入。术后平均主动脉瓣跨瓣压差下降至(8.9±3.5)mm Hg(P<0.05)。住院期间无死亡事件,常见并发症有:4例瓣周漏(21%),6例新发心律失常(31%),2例出血事件(11%),3例急性肾损伤(16%)。术后4例为瓣周漏,均为轻度。6例术后新发心律失常:其中2例三度房室传导阻滞,置入永久起搏器,1例术后新发房颤,1例完全性左束支传导阻滞,2例完全性右束支传导阻滞。与术前相比,经心尖组术后第3天血红蛋白下降达峰,经股动脉组术后第2天血红蛋白下降达峰,2例患者血红蛋白下降>25%,给予输血支持。肌酐在术后第2天达峰,其中2例患者出现急性肾损害(肌酐水平升高>50%)。结论 TAVI治疗高龄主动脉瓣狭窄患者的手术方式是可行的,但术后新发心律失常、出血、瓣膜反流等并发症的发生率较高,提示围术期需严密监测患者,尽早发现并积极处理并发症。
出处 《医药论坛杂志》 2021年第7期93-96,共4页 Journal of Medical Forum
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