论北方窑系对淮北烈山窑瓷器胎釉组成的影响

Influence of Northern Kilns on Body and Glaze Composition of Lieshan kiln porcelain in Huaibei

为了研究北方窑系对淮北烈山窑瓷器胎釉组成的影响,通过使用能量色散X荧光光谱仪(ED-XRF)测试了淮北烈山窑出土白釉瓷、黑釉瓷以及三彩釉枕共计13片瓷片的胎釉化学组成,对比分析了烈山窑与定窑白釉瓷、磁州窑黑釉瓷和巩县窑三彩釉瓷胎釉组成的特征。分析结果表明:四个不同的窑口在制胎原料上均是采用含杂质量不同的高铝质黏土;在釉料配方上存在一定差异,定窑白釉瓷釉层中MgO的含量高于烈山窑,磁州窑黑釉瓷中碱土金属氧化物RO的含量低于烈山窑,而碱金属氧化R2O的含量高于烈山窑,巩县窑三彩瓷中PbO的含量高于烈山窑,三个窑口在制瓷工艺上领先于其他地区,烈山窑在上述三个窑口的影响下胎釉料配方发生改变,其白釉瓷釉料配方中加入一定量的滑石,增加MgO的含量提高釉面质量;黑釉瓷釉料中增加碱金属氧化物R2O的含量使其由钙釉向钙碱釉转变,增加釉层的高温粘度提高釉面厚度;在三彩釉层中增加PbO的含量,减少烧成温度,增加釉面的光泽度,这使得烈山窑胎釉料组成发生改变制瓷技术得到提高,这一改变也符合了我国古代陶瓷制瓷技术发展演变规律。

In order to study the influence of the northern kilns to Lieshan kiln porcelain in Huaibei on the composition of the body and glaze composition,this paper test the chemical composition of white glaze porcelain,black glaze porcelain and three-color glaze pillows in total 13 pieces from Huaibei Lieshan kiln through energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(ED-XRF).Compared with glaze composition of Lieshan kiln and Ding kiln white glaze porcelain,Cizhou kiln black glaze porcelain and Gongxian kiln tricolor glaze porcelain.It shows that the four different kilns are made of high-alumina clay with different impurities.We can know that there are differences in the glaze composition.They are as follows:the content of MgO in the white glaze layer of the Ding kiln is higher than Lieshan kiln.The content of alkaline earth metal oxides RO in black glaze porcelain of Cizhou Kiln is lower than Lieshan Kiln,while the content of alkali metal oxide R2O is higher than Lieshan Kiln.The content of PbO in Gongxian Kiln’s three-color porcelain is higher than Lieshan Kiln.The three kilns are high advanced than other regions in terms of porcelain making skills.Under the influence of the above three kilns,the glaze compsition of the Lieshan kiln has changed.To improve galze quality,A certain amount of talc is added to the white glaze,also increased the content of MgO.To increase the content of alkali metal oxide R2O in the black glaze,glaze is increased and it changed from calcium glaze to calcium alkali glaze.Also it increased the high-temperature viscosity of glaze layer and glaze thickness.The increase of PbO content,the decrease of firing temperature and the increase of glaze gloss made the porcelain-making technology improved in Lieshan kiln and It is also in line with the development and evolution of ancient Chinese ceramic-making technology.