美蔷薇花粉离体萌发条件及贮藏特性研究

Study on Germination Conditions and Storage Characteristics of Rosa bella Pollen in Vitro

以美蔷薇花粉为试验材料,研究不同营养组分配比对花粉萌发及不同贮藏条件对花粉活力的影响。结果表明,蔗糖、H_(3)BO_(3)、CaCl_(2)、MgSO_(4)·7 H_(2)O、KNO_(3)等5因子均对美蔷薇花粉萌发率及花粉管伸长有显著影响;美蔷薇花粉最佳萌发培养基为100 g·L^(-1)蔗糖+0.1 g·L^(-1) H_(3)BO_(3)+0.3 g·L^(-1) MgSO_(4)·7 H_(2)O+0.2 g·L^(-1) KNO_(3),萌发率可达40.26%,花粉管平均长度为166.77μm。贮藏过程中,干燥剂(无水氯化钙或硅胶)不能显著延缓花粉活力的降低。不同温度贮藏的花粉寿命不同,贮藏360 d时,4℃冷藏花粉萌发率为0,-20℃冷冻花粉萌发率为19.88%,-20℃更利于花粉长期保存。将不添加干燥剂于-20℃贮藏330 d的美蔷薇花粉用于月季杂交育种,结实率超过50%,验证了该条件下贮藏一年左右的美蔷薇花粉具有活力,可应用于月季杂交育种。

In this study,the effects of different nutrient allocation ratios on pollen germination and pollen viability under different storage conditions were studied with Rosa bella pollen as experimental material.The results showed that sucrose,H_(3)BO_(3),CaCl_(2),MgSO_(4)·7 H_(2)O and KNO_(3) all had significant effects on the germination rate and pollen tube elongation of Rosa bella.The optimal medium for the germination of Rosa bella pollen was 100 g·L^(-1) sucrose+0.1 g·L^(-1) H_(3)BO_(3)+0.3 g·L^(-1) MgSO_(4)·7 H_(2)O+0.2 g·L^(-1) KNO_(3),the germination rate was 40.26%,and the average length of pollen tube was 166.77μm.During storage,desiccant(anhydrous calcium chloride or silica gel)could not significantly delay the decrease of pollen viability.Pollen lifetimes were different at different temperatures,and pollen viability was lower than 10%at 4℃for 270 d.And,pollen viability was less than 10%when stored at-20℃for 450 d,and-20℃was more conducive to long-term pollen preservation.The seed setting rate of Rosa bella pollen stored at-20℃for 330 d without desiccant was more than 50%,which verified that Rosa bella pollen stored for about one year under this condition had vitality and could be used in cross breeding of Rosa bella.